Here are our articles on Biochemistry and Genetics. More will be added soon.
Biochemistry Overview
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and molecules that underpin life, exploring how proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and small metabolites interact...
Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence is a fascinating natural phenomenon in which living organisms produce light through a biochemical reaction...
DNA Replication
DNA replication is the biological process by which a cell duplicates its DNA, ensuring that each daughter cell inherits an identical copy of the genome...
DNA Structure
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary molecule that encodes the genetic instructions necessary for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses...
DNA transcription
DNA transcription is the biological process by which the information encoded in DNA is copied into RNA...
Rosalind Franklin
Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958) was a pioneering British scientist whose work in X-ray crystallography played a crucial role in the discovery of the structure of DNA...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is a central metabolic pathway in cells, responsible for breaking down glucose into pyruvate while producing energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reducing equivalents in the form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)...
HeLa Cell Line
HeLa cells are an immortalized human cell line derived from cervical cancer cells taken from Henrietta Lacks in 1951..
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (alternately haemoglobin) is a critical oxygen-transport protein found in red blood cells, responsible for delivering oxygen from the lungs to tissues...
Krebs Cycle
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a central metabolic pathway that takes place in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells and the cytoplasm of prokaryotes...
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) is widely regarded as the founder of modern genetics....
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are double-membrane-bound organelles found in nearly all eukaryotic organisms, including animals, plants, fungi, and protists. They are central to cellular energy metabolism, serving as the primary site of aerobic ATP production...
Kary Mullis
Kary Mullis (1944–2019) was a visionary American biochemist best known for inventing the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), a groundbreaking method that transformed genetics...
Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a revolutionary molecular biology technique that allows scientists to rapidly amplify specific DNA sequences...
Protein Folding
Protein folding is the process by which a polypeptide chain acquires its functional three-dimensional structure...
Quorum Sensing
Quorum sensing (also referred to as quorum signalling) is a cell-density-dependent regulatory system used by microorganisms to coordinate gene expression across populations. It relies on the production, release, accumulation, and detection of small signalling molecules called autoinducers...
Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology is a fundamental tool in modern molecular biology that allows scientists to combine DNA from different sources into a single molecule...
Reverse Transcriptase
Reverse transcriptase is a viral and retroelement-associated enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template...
RNA Splicing
RNA splicing is a fundamental post-transcriptional process in eukaryotic cells in which non-coding sequences called introns are removed from a pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript, and the coding sequences, exons, are joined together...
RNA Translation
RNA translation is the biological process by which messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded by ribosomes to synthesize proteins...
The Sodium - Potassium Pump - Na+/K+-ATPase
The sodium–potassium pump, more formally known as the Na+/K+-ATPase, is a ubiquitous membrane-bound enzyme found in the plasma membrane of virtually all animal cells...
Watson, Crick, & Wilkins
James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were pivotal figures in the discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA...
James Watson
James Dewey Watson was an American molecular biologist whose name is most closely associated with the discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA...
Francis Crick
Francis Harry Compton Crick was an English scientist whose intellectual influence on 20th-century biology is profound and far-reaching. Best known for his role in elucidating the structure of DNA...
Maurice Wilkins
Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins was a physicist-turned-molecular biologist whose experimental work was central to the discovery of the DNA double helix...